According to the Oxford English Dictionary, “diversity” is defined as “the practice or quality of including or involving people from a range of different social and ethnic backgrounds and of different genders, sexual orientations, etc.” [ 1 ]. Because technology has helped to make the world more accessible, and with travel and ...Based on the research in science education mediated by ICT, we organised the discussions about “theoretical approaches” of this chapter into five main trends: (1) Approaches to teaching and learning through the use of ICT: show the influence of ICT on the teaching and learning of science. (2) Cognitive approaches: present theories of ...In today’s diverse workplace, organizations are recognizing the importance of fostering an inclusive environment. One effective way to promote diversity and inclusion is through interactive diversity training activities.1-okt, 2009 ... Linking Workplace Diversity To Organizational Performance: A Conceptual Framework. Journal of Diversity Management (JDM), 4(4), 13–22. https ...Chee Kit Looi is the Head of Learning Sciences Lab of the National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological Society, the first research center devoted to the study of the sciences of learning in the Asia-Pacific region. He was the Head, Centre for Scalability, Translation and Commercialization from 2011-2014. Chee Kit’s early mobile learning projects are featured …Mar 1, 2017 · Conceptual diversity, moderators, and theoretical issues in quantitative studies of cultural capital theory ... we built on the research tradition that treats aspirations and cultural capital as ... We demonstrate that conceptual variability is a common part of human conceptual systems, one that likely arises from experiential differences. Our results document substantial disagreement between people for word meanings, even for …Abstract and Figures. The question of LGBT rights was first examined as part of gender and sexuality studies in the 1980s, predominantly in the United States. This was a result of the LGBT ...Diversity and Inclusion Efforts That Really Work. Five best practices. by. David Pedulla. May 12, 2020. Rusty Hill/Getty Images. Summary. A Stanford and Harvard professor convened a symposium on ...May 23, 2019 · This paper develops a practice-based Theory of Generative Interactions across diversity that builds on empirical findings and conceptual frameworks from multiple fields of study. This transdisciplinary review (Montuori in World Futures 69:200–230, 2013) draws on the disciplines of sociology, social psychology, organization studies, and communications. The Theory of Generative Interactions ... 2. Genetic diversity. 3. Ecological diversity. 1. Species Diversity: . According to Biological Species Concepts (BSC), species is a basic unit of classification and is defined as a group of similar organisms that interbreed with one another and produce offspring’s and share a common lineage.The concept of multiculturalism can refer to (a) the poly-ethnic composition of a society, (b) a specific type of policy about cultural diversity, and (c) “an attitude related to the political ideology, which refers to the acceptance of, and support for, the culturally heterogeneous composition of the population of a society” (p. 93).Davis et al. showed that diverse cropping systems provided similar or even higher yields than simplified systems whilst environmental impacts were lower.Renard and Tilman found that arable crop species diversity at national level is correlated with greater year-to-year stability of the total national harvest of all edible crops.Nevertheless, …Sep 17, 2014 · Linguistic and Conceptual Diversity Across Cultures Whereas locomotion terms differ lexically but converge on common conceptual dimensions, re- searchers have argued that there are other domains ... Species diversity is the measure of biological diversity observed in a particular ecological community indicating a number of species or species richness in an ecological community. Example – woodland forest comprising 4-5 different species of trees. Tens of hundreds of fish species, coral and crustaceans found in a specific reef etc.UNICEF Conceptual Framework on the Determinants of Maternal and Child Nutrition, 2020. A framework for the prevention of malnutrition in all its forms. Age-appropriate, nutrient-rich foods – including breastmilk in early childhood – with safe drinking water and household food security Age-appropriate dietary practices – including responsiveA conceptual model is developed for understanding the potential role of various scientific disciplines in improving dietary diversity. The scientific disciplines are arranged at the three basic ...One of the responses to a reality of socio-cultural diversity is Multicultural. Education (ME). Many higher education institutions in Western countries are.ative research to depict how conceptual diversity hidden by the label ‘gesture’ can lead to consistently divergent interpretations in humans and nonhuman primates. We show that definitions of ‘gesture’ drastically differ regarding the fo rms of a gesture and the cognitiveDec 21, 2020 · The authors reviewed the literature associated with diversity and inclusion to propose concepts of inclusion and future prospects of research in the area of diversity and inclusion. They also asserted that future research should include uniqueness and belongingness factors. 2. Brown ‘Identities and identity work in organizations.’ 232 Article: Embracing conceptual diversity to integrate power and institutional analysis: Introducing a relational typology Within environmental governance scholarship, an increasing interest in integrating the study of power with institutional analysis is generating novel theoretical and empirical perspectives for understanding human-environment ...Tasheva and Hillman’s comprehensive conceptual framework (Tasheva & Hillman, 2019) suggests differentiating among three types of diversity (human capital, social capital, and demographic) at two levels of analysis (within-person and among people in a team). They argue that for tasks with different levels of required interdependence, these ...To unify niche and neutral perspectives on governing community structure, Vellend 12,15 proposed a conceptual framework that community diversity and dynamics are controlled by four high-level ...Is Conceptual Diversity an Advantage for Scientific Inquiry? A Case Study on the Concept of 'Gesture' in Comparative Psychology | SpringerLink Regular Article Published: 23 March 2020 Is Conceptual Diversity an Advantage for Scientific Inquiry? A Case Study on the Concept of 'Gesture' in Comparative Psychology Marie Bourjade, Hélène Cochet,This is a feeling of belonging to a group in society. Culture is drawn from a number of different influences, including: religious beliefs. age. gender. race. language or dialect. history. food.Our empirical analysis confirmed these two-way and three-way interaction hypotheses. Thus, our study constitutes a conceptual and empirical development of van Knippenberg et al.’s (2013) and van Knippenberg & van Ginkel (in press) diversity mindset theory of leadership and diversity. From this development follows a number of implications for ...Based on a total of 338,866 academic paper titles in economics published between 1890 and 2012 from the EconLit and the Web of Knowledge, the economics titles were analyzed from the perspectives of social network, computational phonetics and …Jan 11, 2019 · In detail, we argue that diversity can play a central role for enhancing organizational resilience if it is well managed. Based on the broad understanding of diversity as any form of work-group diversity (see, e.g., Jackson et al. 2003) and a process-based understanding of resilience (e.g., Williams et al. 2017), we focus on how diversity might affect the three process stages of organizational ... Aug 9, 2021 · Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are fundamentally important concepts for advancing clinical and translational science (CTS) education. In recent years, increased societal consciousness has led to the precipitous rise in the usage of DEI in everyday vernacular. In parallel, we propose a way for organising functional diversity metrics in a unified scheme to quantify the richness, divergence and regularity of species or individuals under each framework. This overview offers a roadmap for confidently approaching functional diversity analyses both theoretically and practically.May 15, 2020 · Although diversity management is a very emerging topic across the globe in management literature yet there is a lack of research in developed countries. ... conceptual paper, it was identified ... speak out call in public speaking as advocacy
Gender Diverse and Sexual Minority Children and . Youth: Improving School Climate. Pamphlet 05. Key Terms and Concepts in Understanding Gender Diversity and Sexual Orientation among Students. A national survey (Kosciw, Greytak, Bartkiewicz, Boesen, & Palmer, 2012) finds that gender diverse and sexual . minority youth: Sobering StatisticsThe evolution of conceptual diversity in genetics The gene as it was conceived in classical Mendelian genetics—the research tradition that flourished in the first half of the twentieth century, before the advent of molecular biology—was not an observable entity, but it was something Sep 11, 2015 · Table 1 reflects the availability of fine-grained distinctions between different forms of relativism as functions of both objects (x) and domains (y) of relativization.In practice, however, much contemporary discussions of relativism focus on subjectivism, historicism, cultural relativism and conceptual relativism, along the axis of y, and cognitive/epistemic relativism, ethical or moral ... As strange as it may seem, in 1976 the (white, cis, male) computer scientist John H. Holland introduced a concept that could help businesses overcome diversity problems. Despite lots of talking about diversity, the situation is still grim i...First, the conceptual diversity, while providing scholars a rich menu of heuristics and frameworks to choose from, simultaneously creates barriers for the consolidation of knowledge and for learning across a larger number of studies. The dearth of systematic reviews in the field and the complete absence of meta-studies might well be an effect ...Socioeconomic status is widely recognized as comprising diverse factors that operate across different levels (e.g. individual, household, neighborhood), and influence outcomes through different causal pathways . ... The seven items in the Self-Concept scale, and the six items in the Locus of Control were standardized separately to a mean of ...Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are fundamentally important concepts for advancing clinical and translational science (CTS) education. In recent years, increased societal consciousness has led to the precipitous rise in the usage of DEI in everyday vernacular.We demonstrate that conceptual variability is a common part of human conceptual systems, one that likely arises from experiential differences. Our results document substantial disagreement between people for word meanings, even for …A conceptual model is developed for understanding the potential role of various scientific disciplines in improving dietary diversity. The scientific disciplines are arranged at the three basic ...According to the Oxford English Dictionary, “diversity” is defined as “the practice or quality of including or involving people from a range of different social and ethnic backgrounds and of different genders, sexual orientations, etc.” [ 1 ]. Because technology has helped to make the world more accessible, and with travel and ...master in tesol online
UNICEF Conceptual Framework on the Determinants of Maternal and Child Nutrition, 2020. A framework for the prevention of malnutrition in all its forms. Age-appropriate, nutrient-rich foods – including breastmilk in early childhood – with safe drinking water and household food security Age-appropriate dietary practices – including responsiveResults from this study bring much needed attention to health outcomes associated with childhood adversity and how epigenetic clocks may be used to understand biological associations between adversity and later health outcomes. This study also draws attention to several statistical and conceptual points, which are key for socioepigenomics research.Towards this end, in June 2021, together with Mary Evans, I co-organised a two-day global workshop on ‘The Epistemic Urgency of Conceptual Diversity’. The workshop was multi- lingual, and attracted over 500 participants from across the globe. There were more than 100 submissions of abstracts in different languages, including Quechua.Feb 9, 2021 · Alpha diversity index is a measure of the diversity and richness of microbial communities within a single sample or habitat, such as a soil sample. It is typically calculated based on the number ... The five issues are: (1) the ontology of concepts, (2) the structure of concepts, (3) empiricism and nativism about concepts, (4) concepts and natural language, and (5) concepts and conceptual analysis. 1. The ontology of concepts. 1.1 Concepts as mental representations. 1.2 Concepts as abilities. 1.3 Concepts as abstract objects.According to Pao and team, there are three keys to successful diversity and inclusion programs: 1. It should include all people. All people not only pertains to gender or under-represented ...Social Identity Theory. Social identity theory is another explanation of why diversity may be perceived as a negative outcome. Social identity theory suggests that when we first come into contact with others, we categorize them as belonging to an in-group (i.e., the same group as us) or an out-group (not belonging to our group). 137 We tend to ...In today’s globalized world, workplace diversity is not only desirable but also essential for the success of any organization. With employees from various cultural backgrounds, it is crucial for companies to foster an environment that promo...Conceptual designer Danny Kuo has prototyped an ingenious solution for getting to the topmost levels of a tall bookshelf with his StairCASE design. The bookshelf combines the functionality of drawers to make steps to reach the high shelves,...Diversity encompasses the qualities and characteristics that distinguish individuals from one another. Some common characteristics that signify diversity in the workplace might include gender identity, race and sexuality — but there are many more characteristics and experiences that people can bring to their work that employers and HR teams should be aware …May 24, 2018 · Summary. Diversity means different things to different people. A study of 180 Spanish corporate managers explored perceptions of diversity and found that depending on who is answering, diversity ... 26-apr, 2012 ... Developing Year 8 students' conceptual thinking about diversity in Victorian society. Elizabeth Carr writes here about a new scheme of work ...carl hall baseball player
In parallel, we propose a way for organising functional diversity metrics in a unified scheme to quantify the richness, divergence and regularity of species or individuals under each framework. This overview offers a roadmap for confidently approaching functional diversity analyses both theoretically and practically.Integrating the principles of equity and inclusion into education policy involves: Valuing the presence, participation and achievement of all learners, regardless of their contexts and personal characteristics. Recognizing the benefits of student diversity, and how to live with, and learn from, difference.Conceptual diversity, moderators, and theoretical issues in quantitative studies of cultural capital theory.Educational Review, 69(5), 600-619. (watch video abstract) Tan, C.Y. (2017). Examining cultural capital and student achievement: Results of a meta-analytic review. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 63(2), 139-159.Fueled by socioeconomic trends that changed the composition of organizational workforces, the term workforce diversity was coined in the 1990s. Since then, both researchers and practitioners have strived (and struggled) to understand the concept, its effects in and on organizations, and strategies for managing such effects. In this article, I provide an overview and interpretation of the ...4-avg, 2020 ... Dive into the research topics of 'Speech and Discourse: An argument for the acknowledgement of conceptual diversity and specificity'.Multiculturalism is the way in which a society deals with cultural diversity, both at the national and at the community level. Sociologically, multiculturalism assumes that society as a whole benefits from increased diversity through the harmonious coexistence of different cultures. Multiculturalism typically develops according to one of two ...Biodiversity conservation, climate change, land-use change, agriculture, human health, and nutrition are all integrally affected by landscape structure and diversity. The conceptual and technical approaches we have presented can improve the way competing demands for land are contextualized when food security and nutrition are considered along ...A research methodology consisting of literature review, case studies and survey questionnaire was designed to achieve the abovementioned aim. First, literature review was used to investigate the concepts of globalization, international construction, diversity, diversity management (DM) and organizational performance.Despite the centrality of these concepts for epistemology (again, along with the concept of knowledge), the fact that they are used in strikingly different ways in the literature is underappreciated, just as there is too little discussion of the desiderata that a philosophical account of these notions ought to satisfy.Unity in Diversity. Unity in diversity is a phrase that signifies the unity among people with diverse cultural, religious beliefs, social status and other demographic differences. This phrase has its origins, since ancient times, it is used by various political and social groups to demonstrate unity among the individuals or communities.Diversity. We cherish the contributions of APA’s Staff Diversity Workgroup, the leadership and support in the Public Interest Directorate and the stewardship of the Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Office in the Executive Office. Lastly, sincere appreciation to Shorter-Gooden Consulting, Kumea Shorter-Gooden,Definition. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, “diversity” is defined as “the practice or quality of including or involving people from a range of different social and ethnic backgrounds and of different genders, sexual orientations, etc.” [ 1 ]. Because technology has helped to make the world more accessible, and with travel ...5-may, 2021 ... Theories of diversity are built on social constructivism, universalism, and postmodern and postcolonial insights.Species diversity is the measure of biological diversity observed in a particular ecological community indicating a number of species or species richness in an ecological community. Example – woodland forest comprising 4-5 different species of trees. Tens of hundreds of fish species, coral and crustaceans found in a specific reef etc.Equity, diversity, and inclusion is a conceptual framework that promotes the fair treatment and full participation of all people, especially populations that have historically been underrepresented or subject to discrimination because of their background, identity, disability, etc. our Chief Diversity Officer, Dr. Maysa Akbar. This process consisted of multiple rounds of input from staff, leadership, and experts across our membership base. This evolving EDI Framework draws on APA’s 2005 diversity policy, its 2007 diversity plans and reports, and best practices from the field of organizational EDI. APA’sconceptual framework, theoretical framework, theory, idea context, logic model, and . concept maps, are used somewhat interchangeably and often in unclear ways. Reason and Rigor, by Ravitch and Riggan (2012, 2016), emerged as a response to this conceptual and definitional murkiness; it focuses on articulating what comprises a conceptual frame-what was the classical era
The term “ diversity and inclusion ” describes both the makeup of a workforce, as well as the policies and processes used to remove barriers and ensure that every employee has equal access to opportunities and support at a company. The ultimate goal is to ensure fairness and equity for all employees, regardless of characteristics like ...After removing duplicates, 11,712 unique studies provided the basis for this SLR. The contents of the publications that met specified inclusion criteria and explicitly discussed the conceptual underpinnings of IC and its related ICD concept (N = 351) were analysed. Despite a more salient position in recent diversity governance discussions, IC ...Mar 23, 2020 · The resulting conceptual diversity might not be prejudicial for science as long as concepts possess known boundaries. By contrast, semantic ambiguity is more problematic for science because it is a fertile ground for implicit assumptions and hidden steps in arguments. Socioeconomic status is widely recognized as comprising diverse factors that operate across different levels (e.g. individual, household, neighborhood), and influence outcomes through different causal pathways . ... The seven items in the Self-Concept scale, and the six items in the Locus of Control were standardized separately to a mean of ...APA’s EDI framework reflects our view that equity, diversity, and inclusion are vital to the progress of our Association, the field of psychology, and broader society. The EDI framework also builds upon the work done to date and provides the foundation for the next phase of EDI strategic planning, including the development of iterative goals ...3- Racism. Racism is the belief that people’s qualities are influenced by their race and that the members of other races are not as good as the members of your own. [iii] Racism can be overt or subtle. You can have an unconscious racial bias without consciously being racist.Compassion Conceptual Diversity Equality Focus Friends Friendship Hand Hands Holding Hands Multiracial People Pretty Backgrounds Purity Reach Reaching Skin Support Together Togetherness Touch Trust Unity. Start editing for free. Download this …Table 1 reflects the availability of fine-grained distinctions between different forms of relativism as functions of both objects (x) and domains (y) of relativization.In practice, however, much contemporary discussions of relativism focus on subjectivism, historicism, cultural relativism and conceptual relativism, along the axis of y, and cognitive/epistemic relativism, ethical or moral ...Cultural diversity concept icons set. Respect for different nationality. Multi ethnic equality in group idea thin line RGB color illustrations.Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are fundamentally important concepts for advancing clinical and translational science (CTS) education. In recent years, increased societal consciousness has led to the precipitous rise in the usage of DEI in everyday vernacular.- concepto de “Nuestra gran diversidad… es nuestra fuerza colectiva.” - Declaración de Johannesburgo, 2002. Introducción. El objetivo de esta primera etapa, es que los estudiantes comprendan los conceptos en los que se fundamenta la diversidad cultural, …May 23, 2019 · This paper develops a practice-based Theory of Generative Interactions across diversity that builds on empirical findings and conceptual frameworks from multiple fields of study. This transdisciplinary review (Montuori in World Futures 69:200–230, 2013) draws on the disciplines of sociology, social psychology, organization studies, and communications. The Theory of Generative Interactions ... In identifying and attending to the urgency of conceptual production from different locations, the workshop brings together scholars working on producing materially, intersectionally, geopolitically located, and situated thinking arising from historically specific encounters in …Differentiation in education can be seen as a means of responding to student diversity in order to meet the vision of a school for all. Differentiation has been widely addressed within a western context, and it appears to be a versatile phenomenon as it occurs under various guises and with a variety of terms and modes of operationalizations ...quien creo la bachataA key concept is that biofilm aggregates are heterogeneous, diverse microbial communities, shaped and influenced by different environmental cues, that represent multiple discrete microenvironments.Abstract. This chapter addresses how liberal nationalist theorists have constructed an argument to the effect that sub-state national societies constitute a distinct category of group, distinguishable from both the majority of ‘dominant’ national society of the host state, and other ‘minority’ groups within the state.2. Genetic diversity. 3. Ecological diversity. 1. Species Diversity: . According to Biological Species Concepts (BSC), species is a basic unit of classification and is defined as a group of similar organisms that interbreed with one another and produce offspring’s and share a common lineage.Diversity refers to who is represented in the workforce. Some examples of diversity in workplaces include: Gender diversity: What makes up the composition of men, women, and nonbinary people in a given population? Age diversity: Are people in a group from mostly one generation, or is there a mix of ages?Cultural diversity is a mainspring for sustainable development for individuals, communities and countries. Thus, building an effective global approach to sustainable development and ESD needs to address respecting, protecting and maintaining the cultural diversity of the world now and in the future. Cultural diversity exerts strong influence on ...Indeed, while our method allows us to quantify conceptual diversity, it does not pinpoint what specific representational differences drive this diversity. These differences may indeed go deep with respect to theories and interrelations between the concepts studied and others (Gelman & Legare, 2011 ; Medin & Rips, 2005 ; Murphy & Medin, 1985 ).Although some researchers have challenged the assumption of the benefits of diversity, such challenges are rare and not backed up by adequate theoretical or conceptual argument. Therefore, we argue that the benefits of diversity can be determined to the extent that researchers have recognized the relationship between categories of employees as ...Diversity and inclusion have become increasingly important topics in today’s society. As businesses and organizations strive to create more inclusive environments, it is essential for individuals to educate themselves on these concepts.Aug 9, 2021 · Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are fundamentally important concepts for advancing clinical and translational science (CTS) education. In recent years, increased societal consciousness has led to the precipitous rise in the usage of DEI in everyday vernacular. Apparently, the concept of a culture o f teaching and lear ning is widely used in the context of South African schools, especially in the South African Standards o f principals o f 2016 which ...In parallel, we propose a way for organising functional diversity metrics in a unified scheme to quantify the richness, divergence and regularity of species or individuals under each framework. This overview offers a roadmap for confidently approaching functional diversity analyses both theoretically and practically.Abstract. This chapter addresses how liberal nationalist theorists have constructed an argument to the effect that sub-state national societies constitute a distinct category of group, distinguishable from both the majority of ‘dominant’ national society of the host state, and other ‘minority’ groups within the state.Contents. 1. Introduction and Conceptual Framework. PART I: THE GLOBAL CONTEXT FOR DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT. 2. Diversity Legislation in a Global Perspective: Equality and Fairness in Employment. 3. Discrimination, Equality, and Fairness in Employment: Social Policies and Affirmative/ Positive Action Programs. 4. best thing to high alchemy osrs
Rakshitha Arni Ravishankar. June 21, 2021. HBR Staff/Tetiana Lazunova/Getty Images. Summary. Despite the heightened conversations around racial justice last year, a recent survey shows that 40% of ...In recent years, the fashion industry has been undergoing a shift towards more inclusive and diverse representation. One designer who has been at the forefront of this movement is Geller Laura.Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are fundamentally important concepts for advancing clinical and translational science (CTS) education. In recent years, increased societal consciousness has led to the precipitous rise in the usage of DEI in everyday vernacular.The movement to restrict books is "driven by a vocal minority demanding censorship," says the free speech group PEN America, which said it found 3,362 cases of book bans in the 2022-'23 school ...The conceptual framework of reciprocal interactions is discussed, after which research is summarized on behavioral, environmental, and personal influences on motivation. ... and self-regulation. Critical issues confronting the theory include diversity and culture, methodology, and long-term effects of interventions. The article concludes with ...Conceptual diversity, moderators, and theoretical issues in ... There are three important conceptual apparatus in cultural capital theory, namely Bourdieu's (1986) taxonomy of the forms of ...Diversity can be considered in the following categories: race/ethnicity, nationality, age, gender and sexual identity, physical appearance, socioeconomic status, abilities, health status ...Note: Meaningful references to either the liberal or at least one of the alternative conceptions of democracy in V-Dem Working Papers 1–120, divided into four groups of 30 papers. ‘Any reference’ also includes incidental references to alternative conceptions or to the conceptual diversity of democracy. Multiple codes per paper are possible.May 15, 2020 · Although diversity management is a very emerging topic across the globe in management literature yet there is a lack of research in developed countries. ... conceptual paper, it was identified ... The core subject matters of epistemology are the concept of knowledge and a cluster of normative concepts applying to beliefs, a cluster that includes rational, reasonable, justified, and warranted belief. This article reflects on these central topics and aims to distinguish such concepts in a general theory. jalon daniels twitter
Each conceptual model of food choice was analyzed with factors included in the models being categorized into the following main factors affecting food choice according to our proposed framework developed from ... Köster E.P. Diversity in the determinants of food choice: A psychological perspective. Food Qual. Prefer. 2009; 20:70–82 ...There is a growing need for high quality syntheses of the existing knowledge base in this area and given the diversity of theory and approaches, a scoping review is the best approach to curate this knowledge. ... conceptual confusion and inconsistent application hinders the operationalisation of this potentially important perspective.20 Rusoja ...The nexus of relationships among cultural capital indicators, moderators, and student achievement, and the theoretical issues involved can be used to inform future research in the testing of a more complete theory of Bourdieu’s cultural capital theory. Video abstract.Diversity is an ethical principle that means more than just acknowledging and/or tolerating difference. Diversity is an active appreciation and affirmation that individuals and communities deserve to be recognized in their uniqueness and differences.Abstract and Figures. Diversity indices, particularly the Shannon-Wiener index, have extensively been used in analyzing patterns of diversity at different geographic and ecological scales. These ...